The CO2RE Hub and ERM have released a 2025 report on greenhouse gas removal (GGR) costs, updating ERM's original 2021 analysis with fresh data and insights from a rapidly evolving field.
A lot has changed in four years. The report captures key shifts across the GGR landscape, combining ERM's cost research with best practices and considerations developed by CO2RE.
One major finding: GGR cost estimates have risen since 2021. The authors attribute this mainly to better data availability and improved clarity on factors that were previously uncertain.
The report also confirms that CO2 transportation and storage, along with monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV), remain the biggest cost drivers for most GGR methods.
>> In Other News: South Pole and UNIDO Join Forces to Unlock Carbon Finance for Low-Carbon Hydrogen Development
A More Granular Look At GGR Pathways
This update takes a deeper dive into GGR subcategories, breaking down costs for direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) using both liquid and solid sorbent technology. It also examines biochar produced from different feedstocks like perennial crops, wood waste, and household waste.
On the bioenergy side, the report covers bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) for power and energy-from-waste applications. A new category, BECCS (FT), addresses Fischer-Tropsch fuel plant retrofits.
This approach revealed significant price variations across methods and subcategories, offering a clearer snapshot of where costs stand today.
Standardization And Scale-Up
Beyond the cost analysis, CO2RE's research highlights key developments and challenges facing the GGR sector. The report emphasizes the need for standardization to enable better cross-comparison of GGR pathways. It also flags business model assumptions and regulatory frameworks as critical factors for scaling up these technologies.
About the CO2RE Hub
This video provides an overview of the CO2RE Hub, one of the primary organizations responsible for the report mentioned in the press release.
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