How Green Fuels Are Reshaping the Shipping Industry

The shipping industry is at a crossroads. As the International Maritime Organization (IMO) pushes for a 40% reduction in carbon intensity by 2030 and aims for net-zero emissions by 2050, the maritime sector must adopt innovative solutions.

Key among these are green methanol and blue/green ammonia, which promise to revolutionize shipping fuel and drastically cut emissions.

Why Shipping Needs a Green Fuel Transition

Shipping is the backbone of global trade, with around 100,000 vessels transporting goods across the world's oceans at any given time.

Despite its importance, the sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, posing a challenge in the fight against climate change.

The IMO's ambitious goals make it clear: reaching net-zero emissions requires scalable, sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels.

Among the most promising solutions are green methanol and blue/green ammonia.

Green Methanol: A Cleaner Alternative

What Is Green Methanol?

Green methanol offers a cleaner substitute for fossil-based fuels. While methanol is already widely produced, its conventional production emits significant carbon dioxide.

Green methanol, however, eliminates or reduces these emissions through two primary production pathways:

Biomass-derived methanol: This method uses agricultural residues, energy crops, or municipal solid waste as feedstock. These materials are gasified to produce syngas (a mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen), which is then converted into methanol.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and green hydrogen: In this process, CO2 captured from industrial sources or the air is combined with green hydrogen (produced using renewable electricity) to create methanol.

“The second method has an added environmental benefit by capturing CO2 from the atmosphere,” explains Ellese Caruana, Media Relations Manager at Clariant. “However, it also presents challenges, such as excessive water production during electrolysis, which complicates the process.”

The Role of Catalysts in Methanol Production

Catalyst technology is essential to overcoming these challenges. Companies like Clariant have developed advanced catalysts to improve production efficiency.

Their solutions, already used in 30% of global green methanol production, reduce water output during electrolysis, a key barrier to scalability.

“These catalysts are helping clients like Maersk work toward carbon neutrality,” adds Caruana. By streamlining processes, catalysts are laying the groundwork for green methanol to become a mainstream maritime fuel.

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Blue and Green Ammonia: Another Path Forward

How Ammonia Fits In

Ammonia, another alternative fuel, is gaining traction in the maritime industry. Its appeal lies in its high energy density and potential for carbon-free emissions.

Green ammonia: Produced using green hydrogen and nitrogen from the air, it’s entirely carbon-free.
Blue ammonia: Synthesized from natural gas, with carbon capture technology mitigating emissions.

Both forms of ammonia show promise, but green ammonia is in its early stages, and specialized infrastructure will be necessary for widespread adoption.

Scaling Ammonia Production

Optimizing ammonia production also hinges on catalyst technology. Advanced catalysts can significantly expedite production, making blue and green ammonia more viable as marine fuels.

Investments in production facilities and distribution networks will be key to scaling this solution.

Challenges Ahead for Green Fuels

While green methanol and ammonia show great potential, several obstacles remain:

Infrastructure investments: New production plants, retrofitted vessels, and distribution systems are essential.
Regulatory frameworks: Clear, consistent policies are needed to guide adoption.
Collaboration: Cooperation across industries, governments, and value chains is critical.
Public awareness: Greater understanding of these fuels will drive acceptance and demand.

Despite these hurdles, the maritime sector has already begun moving in the right direction. Companies like Clariant are driving innovation, and shipping giants like Maersk are leading adoption efforts.

The Big Picture: A Sustainable Future for Shipping

Adopting green methanol and ammonia at scale could transform shipping, drastically reducing emissions and helping mitigate climate change.

Beyond the environmental benefits, this shift could foster innovation, create economic opportunities, and strengthen international collaboration.

“The shipping sector must reach net zero by 2050,” says Caruana. “Scalable green fuels like methanol and ammonia are key to achieving that goal.”

By committing to green fuels, the maritime industry can play a vital role in the global effort to create a more sustainable future.