Canada is making waves in decarbonization, and Deep Sky is at the forefront with its groundbreaking carbon mineralization technology. By injecting CO₂ into ultramafic rock formations at Thetford Mines and Bécancour, they are converting it into solid calcite for permanent storage. This innovative method offers a safe, leak-free alternative to traditional aquifer storage, boosting Canada's role in global climate efforts.
"As the world's first IP agnostic project developer, we're committed to scaling carbon removal and storage in Canada."
Damien Steel, CEO of Deep Sky
Deep Sky's in-situ rock-to-stone process is transforming how we handle industrial emissions. CO₂ captured from sources reacts with ultramafic rocks to form stable minerals like calcite. This ensures permanent sequestration without the risks associated with fluid storage.
The projects at Thetford Mines and Bécancour are key examples. Pre-feasibility studies assess the geologic potential for large-scale CO₂ storage. These sites leverage Quebec's rich ultramafic deposits, ideal for mineralization.
Deep Sky acts as the world's first IP-agnostic carbon removal project developer. They collaborate with various technologies to scale solutions efficiently. This approach accelerates deployment across Canada.
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Mineralization replicates natural carbon locking that happens over millions of years but accelerates it to a matter of months or years. CO₂ is dissolved in water and injected into reactive ultramafic rocks, where it bonds with magnesium and calcium to form solid carbonates. The result is safe, permanent, and immune to leakage concerns that come with liquid storage.
Industrial CO₂ is captured from facilities such as cement plants and steel mills or through [direct air capture](https://decarbonfuse.com/posts/deep-sky-to-deploy-direct-air-capture-unit-from-skytree-in-canada) systems. The gas is purified, cooled, and compressed before transport to the storage site. This conditioning ensures the CO₂ is in its most reactive state for rapid bonding underground.
The prepared CO₂ is injected deep into ultramafic rock formations found in areas like Thetford Mines and Bécancour. Here, the gas reacts naturally with the rock’s minerals, triggering the formation of calcite and other carbonates. The reaction begins almost immediately and continues until the CO₂ is fully converted into stone.
Once injected, the mineralized CO₂ is monitored using advanced geophysical imaging and sampling to confirm stability. With successful verification, the process is ready to scale across Quebec’s ultramafic deposits, offering a model that can be expanded to other provinces with compatible geology.
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Canada’s CCS network is already strong, anchored by large-scale projects in Alberta and Saskatchewan run by companies like Shell Canada and the Pathways Alliance. These projects focus on saline aquifer storage in the vast Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, an area capable of holding an estimated 385 gigatonnes of CO₂.
Deep Sky’s work in Quebec brings a different but complementary strength. By using mineralization instead of aquifer storage, the company adds a storage method that is permanent and immune to migration risks. This diversity in approach strengthens Canada’s overall CCS portfolio.
The Pathways Alliance is building a pipeline network to move CO₂ from oilsands facilities to storage hubs in Alberta. In the future, similar infrastructure could connect with mineralization sites in Eastern Canada, creating a coast-to-coast network that maximizes the country’s 389 gigatonne storage potential.
"You can actually verify how the carbon is changing state, and going from a gas phase to a solid phase … in less than two years. It’s a really big leap from what’s going on right now in conventional storage, where you have to monitor your fields [for leaks] for 50 plus years."
Catalina Sánchez-Roa, head of carbon mineralization at Deep Sky
Federal and provincial supports are fueling CCS advancements. The CCUS Investment Tax Credit offers substantial rebates for qualified projects. Rates encourage early investments in capture and storage.
Project Type | 2022-2030 Rate | 2031-2040 Rate |
---|---|---|
Direct Air Capture | 60% | 30% |
Point Source Capture | 50% | 25% |
Transport & Storage | 37.5% | 18.75% |
Alberta's Carbon Capture Incentive Program aligns with federal efforts, offering 12% grants. Over $2 billion has been invested in CCS R&D. These incentives make projects like Deep Sky's economically viable.
Provincial offset programs in Alberta, BC, and Saskatchewan generate credits for storage. Deep Sky's mineralization could qualify, creating revenue streams. This economic model spurs industry participation.
Canada’s government has put serious financial muscle behind CCS. The CCUS Investment Tax Credit offers up to 60% for direct air capture projects until 2030, while Alberta’s Carbon Capture Incentive Program adds a 12% grant for eligible costs. Since 2021, over $2 billion has been invested in research, development, and deployment of carbon storage technologies.
Deep Sky’s approach taps into these incentives while also benefiting from supportive policies like the Building Canada Act, which can fast-track projects deemed in the national interest. Collaborations with global leaders such as Carbfix bring proven expertise to the table, reducing the time from pilot to commercial scale.
As emissions caps tighten and industries search for permanent storage, mineralization could handle billions of tonnes over the coming decades. By aligning regional geology with cutting-edge science, Canada has a clear path to meet its net-zero targets and remain a global leader in carbon management.
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